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REMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS, BATTLES, 



MARCHES and CAMP LIFE 



OLD 4th MICHIGAN INFANTRY 

IIS iA^KR OF= REBEI-L-ION. 
1861 TO (864. 



BY O. S. B7XRRETT, 

Late lieut. Co. B, 4th Michigan infantry. 



Dedicated to the Survivors of the Regiment. 



Hops for the living, 
Tears for the dead, 




DETROIT. MICH.: 
W. S. OSTLER, PUBLISHER, 

1888. 



THe 



^1 FOURTH t- RECI7V^ENTi<^ 

T^iehigan Volanteer Infantry 



was organized at Adrian, Michigan, and Mustered into 
United States Service June 20, 1861, for three years. It was 
quartered in the North College building, of the group of 
buildings situated at extreme west suburbs of City. Was 
commanded by Dwight A. Woodbury. It was presented by 
the ladies of Adrian, with a beautiful Hag. The Regiment 
left its Rendezvous June 25th, for Washington, numbering on 
its rolls 1025, officers and men. In his orders for the move- 
ment, Colonel Woodbury said : "Let each man remember 
that he has the honor of Michigan in his keeping." The first 
appearance of the Regiment, while passing through Cleve- 
land, Ohio, brought from the Leader of that city, the follow- 
ing notice of 

MICHIGAN TROOPS. 

"When we see the splendidly armed and equipped Regi- 
ments from Michigan, pass through here on their way to the 
seat of war, and compare their appearance with that of the 
Regiments that left Camp Cleveland recently, it makes us 



almost ashan.ed o£ Ohio, and inclines us to ™q.|'>« '" J- 
mildest and most collected manner, why ,t ts that M ctagan 
in the san,e length of time sends Regin.ents to the heW 1 e^ 
paved for service, while Ohio, who boasts of her en teipu e 
and patriotisn,, sends from her camps as ^f^^'^"^ 
„,obs of men, half uniformed, nnarn.ed. and wholly «.tl,out 

"^""xhe Regiment left Cleveland, via. Buffalo to Elmira, 
New York, where we took supper with -iSd iNew York Regi- 
ment in barracks there We were royally entertained ; had 

A ,■ i,.,r1 ■, oond suDlier I wish to say here, the 

a good time; had a gooa suppei. i -i Pio„„ 

ftrst hard tack the writer ever saw was issued to us at eve 
land They were round, and as large as an elephant s foot, 
and as tough as a prohibitionists conscience. 1 -t-ecl some 
of the boys, out on platforn. of cars, trying liow f.u hey 
could sail them. Others had coupling pins, trying to pulve.- 
i.e them. On leaving Elmira, some of the boys -h" ;-^J 
little off, pulled the coupling pin, which detached tli.ee o. 
ot cars. The rest of the train pulled ont:>o^^'^ 
before it was discovered. The advance section backed up 
the rear cars were hitched on, and the boys were '"Auced to 
ail-aboard, and the train passed on to Harrisburg Pa. lie 
Regiment encamped a few days at that city, and we were 
dritled in the art of street Hghting. expecting a coUis.o ->^^^ 
Baltimore. The people of Harrisbur. asked : ' '- * -^^;' 
sent another Regiment equipped r And in fac t e noo 
at Camp Curtin "thought if Pennsylvania -?»"^^°" .'^f ^''^ 
her men like that, she would not have a single citizen 

'""'prom Harrisburg, on to Baltimore. The Regiment was 
disembarked from the cars some distance outside of the c.ty 
formed and marched into the depot. We were arm d .li 
old buck and ball muskets, and were not a lowed 1 u thee 
of cartridges. The Regiment was formed into pla 



rounds 



toons, and marched through the general thoroughfare to 
Washington Depot. On its way, while about midway, the 
crowd was immense on the sidewalks, a demonstration was 
made by some crank of a Rebel, at a point opposite our 
colors, pointing a revolver toward the flag-bearer, but was 
suppressed so quick that it was not seen but by few of the 
Regiment. The writer was a file-closer and in rear of rear 
platoon, and saw the movement. Had that pistol been dis- 
charged, the result would have been a terrible indiscriminate 
slaughter. My gun was on a line with the act in less time 
than it would take to pull a trigger. Somebody would have 
been hurt. Men hissed and jeered, but the column moved on 
to Washington Depot, where the Regiment was embarked on 
cars for Washington. Just before reaching the Relay House, 
the train was stopped and we were told that Rebels were in our 
front. We were formed in line of battle. It was a false 
alarm. We got aboard again, and passed on to Washington. 
Arrived in that city on the night of July 2d, and soon went 
into camp on Meridian Hill, near Soldiers' Home. Remained 
in camp until a short time before first battle of Bull Run. 
The Regiment was ordered over the Potomac, and to Alexan- 
dria, and out to a place called Cloud's Mills. Remained in 
camp there, and done picket duty until a few days prior to 
first Bull Run, when it was ordered on to Fairfax Station, in 
rear of advancing army. The left wing of the Regiment was 
detained at that place, while the right was marched to Fair- 
fax Court House. The writer was with the part remaining at 
the station. It was evident that the Rebels had left in a 
hurry, as the advance of our column appeared; they had 
tried to burn the station and other property, but were pre- 
vented by stress of time. We found jplenty of corn meal ; 
also a number of hogs that had been corralled in the rear of the 
station, but had been let out of the pen ; on arrival of our 
men in pursuit, they were running around loose. The writer 



fired six shots at an old hump-backed sow, and got nary a 
swine. One W. W. Carpenter, the liliputian of Company B, 
killed her with one shot from an old Colt's revolver. We 
had mush and fresh pork in abundance. We found some 
cows on an abandoned plantation, near by. Also plenty of 
honey. We had mush and milk 'till you couldn't rest. One 
of the boys, wliile reconnoitering around, developed a colony 
of bees. He seized a hive and started for a brook near by. 
He attempted to jumj) a pole fence. His toe caught and he 
pitched headlong. The hive flew twenty feet. The bees 
followed back, and swarmed in his bushy hair, which caused 
a lively rush for the water. He plunged in and soon divested 
himself of the vicious little insects. But not daunted he 
returned, and seized the hive again. This time he succeeded 
in drowning the bees. He got the honey all the same. That 
night, after the adventure with the bees, myself and my 

bunkey tore some of the hives to pieces, and placed tiie 
boards on the ground, and spread our blankets on them for 
our bed. We went to bed tickled with our layout. About 
twelve o'clock we were aroused with injunction to keep very 
still, as Rebels were near, and were expected to attack us. 
My bunkey and T got up, or sat up. About that time I saw 
bunkey slap his legs, and heard him swear. 

About the same time, I felt an unusal sensation under 
my pants, in the region of where I sat down. There were 
plenty of live bees still, that had staid with the boards. 
They had crawled inside our clothes, and everlastingly stuck 
it to us. Well, if you ever saw an Indian war dance, picture 
to yourself our appearance. We were ordered to keep still ; 
but had a Brigade of Rebels attacked us, we would have 
fought these bees. 

INext day was fought the first Battle Bull Run. We 
weie ordered to join the other wing of the Regiment, at Fair- 
fax Court House, arriving just before the stragglers began to 



appear from our defeated army. We were formed in the 
road, in sections, and ordered to stop all strao;glers. Talk of 
stopping a cyclone ; it was impossible. The rush of soldiers, 
congressmen, and other civillians, from Washington, literally 
forced us from the highway. I saw three ofBcers on one 
mule, hatless, coatless, and unarmed, and apparently badly 
frightened; the Johnnies did not follow up with any force. 
The 4tli was soon on the way to Washington. We returned 
to our old camp, on Meridian Hill. Early in fall of '61, the 
Regiment built fort Woodbury^ on Arlington, and done 
picket duty. Later on, we were moved out to Minor's Hill, 
Virginia, and built winter quarters, and remained there dur- 
ing the winter 1861-2. The Regiment, with 14th New York, 
9tli Massachusetts, and 62nd Pennsylvania, formed 2d Brigade, 
1st Division, 6th Army Corps, commanded by Fitz John Por- 
ter, a brave and skilfull officer, who was afterwards much 
abused ; for I believe we had no more loj^al officer in the 
field ; to the contrary notwithstanding, his traducers tried to 
drag him down. Nothing of a startling nature occurred here, 
during the winter. Our time was occupied in picket, camp, 
guard, and other routine work. A laughable incident 
occurred here in camp, which illustrates the desire of the com- 
mon soldier '• 

FOE FUN AND FEOLIC. 

We were armed with the old Buck and Ball musket, 
which we were to exchange for the Enfield rifles. Word was 
given to the different compaides to send details for guns. 
The Company B detail was dispatched. Soon the boxes were 
brought, and opened. Behold a mistake had been made, 
and the boys thought on purpose Instead of the Enfield, 
the boxes contained the same kind of guns we already had. 
The men were indignant, and refused to accept them, but 
finally concluded to use them awhile, as they were new and 
bright. The guns were distributed, and boxes ordered back, 



a procession formed a la funeral. An escort, with reversed 
guns, and music, and every conceivable thing tliat any noise 
could be got out of, followed to Quarter master's depot. A 
volley was fired over the boxes, and the procession returned 
to quarters. Soon, a racket was heard in vicinitj^ of company 
B. Every other man had a gun sling around his body, and 
was down on all-fours. The Qther fellows bad a gun thrust 
between the gun-sling and along the man's spine, tiring blank 
cartridges. As soon as the gun was tired, the man on the 




ground would assume a sitting posture, with the muzzle up. 
Then the gunner would ram cartridge, and the gun would 
immediately assume the horizontal, again to be tired. There 
were some 40 of the company engaged in this. That night, 
after the racket, the 14th New York's Suiler lost a barrel of 
whiskey, rolled out from under his tent early in the evening, 
while the proprietor was engaged in front with a special 
delegation sent to occupy him and his assistants, while the 
feat was being performed. It never was found, but you 
could buy a canteen-full for $5.00 of one who knew where it 



was. Details were made to hunt for it, but it was never 
brought lo view, but some of the detail were quite drunk 
when they returned. I will relate an incident that occurred 
while encamped on Arlington, as stated before in this nar- 
rati\;e : while stationed there, we were daily beset by huck- 
sters and traffickers. They would vend their wares to the 
boys, and go away, apparently happy, bat soon return 
again, seeming to be dissatisfied with what they received for 
their goods. One day, a pompous Jew drove over from 
Georgetown, a big wagon-load of goods drawn by four-in- 




hand Sales were small until he struck company B, the 
writer's company. Here he cried his wares. Finally a syn- 
dicate was formed, and approached the vender of goods, with 
the proposition to buy his entire stock. They would give so 



10 

much, provided he had a certain amount of the ardent in his 
outfit. He seemed to be satisfied with the situation, and 
answered, he had what they desired. The barirain was 
closed, and money paid in bills. Our goods were unloaded, 
and he departed, highly elated. But it was not long. . He 
soon returned, alone, and inquired of the writer for the Col- 
oneFs tent. The writer edged around, as near as possible, to 
hear what was said. The Jew was swinging his arms, and 
gesticulating fiercely. The Colonel listened until he got 
through, then I heard him say, in reply, "you ought to be 
satisfied with small profits on so large a sale." He replied : 
"Colonel, the monish is not good, it is one Erie and Kalama- 
zoo monish." The Colonel told him the result was as good 
as the intent, and dismissed him, and we did not see him 
again. The boys bought him out slick and clean, for Goo 
dollars, and paid him in new and crisp Michigan Insurance 
and older bills of Erie and Kalamazoo. I will say, Company 
B, was made up of one or two doctors, as many lawyers, and 
one preacher, and the rest were gentlemen. The writer was 
identified with the latter class. 

THP: REGIMEiN^T MOVED. 

With the advance of the army from Miner's Hill, and to 
Fairfax, passed beyond that dilapidated and dingy looking 
town, historical, much speculation indulged in, in regard to 
what route would be adopted "On to Richmond." It was 
finally decided to take the route via Alexandria down the 
Potomac to Fort Monroe. Accordingly, the columns were 
put in motion, and in due time the army arrived at above 
named place. Our Division passed out beyond Hampton, 
and went into camp, for a few days, then marched en route 
to Yorktown, by way of Big Bethel. On our arrival within 
cannon shot of Rebel fortifications, we were greeted by a gen- 
eral shower of shot and shell, from Rebel Batteries, which 
went screeching and screaming over our heads. The 4th had 



11 

the advance at the right, toward the Rebel Left. As we drew 
nearer, they got oar range. Their shot plunged and shells 
burst in and all around us with but little damage, but made 
the situation decidedly unpleasant. Our column filed to the 
right, following a ravine, which extended to extreme left of 
Rpbel Earthworks. General Charles Griffin commanded our 
Division, and his old battery was on hand, that he had form- 
erly commanded. He immediately ordered it to the front, 
out in open space, and commenced shelling the Rebel works. 
Cannonading was lively for a while, on both sides. Tiie 
Rebels evidently misunderstood the demonstrations, so auda- 
ciously made in their front, and expected an immediate as- 
sault all along the line. They apparently reserved their fire 
for closer work, but were disappointed in that. The army 
settled down to a siege. We were constantly under fire, from 
time of arrival in front of their works, until evacuation of 
same, on picket line, bivouac and skirmishing. No let up 
night and day. Casualties were quite frequent. If a picket 
guard showed his head it was a target as soon as seen. Pick- 
eting was extremely dangerous business. The guard were 
posted under darkness of night and was relieved the same. 
In front of Rebel works was an open plain. The boys would 
dig holes, under cover of darkness, and through the day 
would burrow like gophers. Hence gopher holes, had dirt 
piled up in front with a hole at base, for to shoot through. 
Was death to the man who got his cranium above the ob- 
struction in front of him. A thrilling incident occurred at 
this time. General Fitz John Porter, who commanded the 
5th corps, went up in a balloon io take observations of rebel 
works. It was controlled by ropes, held by men on the 
ground. After getting up the right distance, the guy became 
detached, through some cause, and the balloon floated at will, 
first over Rebs, then back on our side, swayed by the wind. 
All this while. Porter could be seen standing up in the car, 



12 

with spy glass in hand, scanning the Rebel fortifications; and 
the Johnnies everlastingly yelling, and trying to elevate their 
guns to reach him, but failed. The elevation was too steep 
for their gunnerj^ Finally he descended to our side, amid 
shouts of the whole army. It was hard telling at one time 
into what hands he would fall. The siege went on. A heav\' 
water battery of one hundred pounders was placed on York 
River, at the extreme left of Rebel works. The 4tli was 
stationed at that point. These guns were worked spasmodi- 
cally. Rebs could not reply to them. York River, at this 
doint, w^as full of oysters — some the largest I ever saw. We 
often wxmt in after a supply. It was dangerous business. 
The Rebel pickets, on opposite side, were alert and invariably 
fired on any one who had the hardihood to approach the 
water for them. The writer ventured in one day for some of 
the bivalves, and was industriously searching for the precious 
article. I succeeded in exhuming a monster big one, and 
w^as looking for more, w^hen zip, pinge, come the warning to 
get out. I was in such a hurry I forgot to take along my 
find, and you could not see my coat tail for the water splash- 
ing behind me. I did not want any more oysters on that 
special occasion. Yorktown was evacuated on the night of 
May 4th and 5th, 1862; our army had been to vast labor, and 
the government to tremendous expense and worry. A bloody 
battle was fought at AVilliamsburg; the 4tli were not engaged 
at that battle. We were sent via West Point, and followed 
on to Chickahominy. The time occupied between Yorktown 
and our arrival at the Chickahominy, was marching, and 
camping under great hai'dsliips; mud and heat had to be con- 
tended with. When within a few miles of Cliickahominy, 
the 4th was detached from the column, and in a pouring rain, 
were hustled on to the river. When within half a mile of it 
we met a squadron of cavalry, which had been to the point, 
came back full well. We were ordered, *' Battalion into line, 



13 

double quick;" my company being on the left, did some tall 
running over bogs, ditches and small brash, to get our place 
in line. We struck the river at New Bridge, and met a sharp 
fire from opposite side. We were dressed up under this fire. 
Our first man was killed here, a. m., D. Pi[)er, of Company 
B. He was shot dead. He was the largest man in the com- 
pany. I was first sergeant at the time, and touched elbows 
with him when he fell. The boys named him Elephant, on 
account of his immense size. Our Colonel, D. A. Woodbury, 
seeing our disadvantage, rode his horse down to the river and 
ordered us to cross. At this time the Johnnies were seen to 
get to the woods beyond. About 20th of May my company 
plunged into the water, arm-pits deep. Company A crossed 
over to the right, in a bend of the river. We found 28 dead 
rebels in our immediate front. We bronght over some 
wounded rebels, and on our return the water was chin deep 
to the writer, it having rained all this time heavily. There 
were four or five of my company wounded. The rebels had 
taken the plank from the bridge, and ranged two pieces of 
cannon on the same. We held this point as a picket line 
until battle of Gains Mills. The crossing of Chickahominy 
occurred on May 24th, 1862. 

Here I first saw Custer. He was sent by McClellan to as- 
sist our cavalry in conducting the establishment of picket 
lines at New Bridge. He crossed the river four times, on 
horseback, to my certain knowledge. He encouraged us boys 
with the example, and his cheering remarks, such as go in 
Wolverines, give them h — 1, and we did. The Johnnies out- 
numbered us six to one, but they were deceived in our 
strength, supjDosing us to be a regular advance of our army. 
I am pained to read of the deprecating language of Major 
Reno, 7fh Regiment Cavalry, in regard to the gallant Cnster. 

This fight caused General McClellan to dispatch to the 
War Department, the following : " Three skirmishes to-day. 



14 

We drove the Rebels from Mechanicsville, seven miles from 
New Bridges. The 4th Michigan about used up the Lousi- 
ana Tigers. Fifty prisoners, and fifty killed and wounded." 

Mr. Greeley, in his American Conflict, says : " The first 
collision on the Chickahominy, between the advance of 
McClellan's army and the Rebels, occurred near New Bridge, 
where the 4th Michigan, Colonel Woodbury, waded the 
stream and assaulted and drove oflf a superior force, losing 
but eight men in all, and taking thirty-seven prisoners, of 
whom fifteen were wounded." After establishing line of 
pickets on or along the river, the regiment went into camp 
on (jrains' Farm, on left bank of Chickahominy, about one 
mile from river. Soon after, the battle of Fair Oaks was 
fought in plain sight of our camp. It continued 'till early 
in the evening. We could see the flash of bursting shells 
and vomiting cannon. The excitement among the men 
of the regiment was very manifest. It is certainly pleas- 
anter, at a distance, to witness a battle, than to participate in 
one. Distance is more agreeable than being too intimate 
with the struggle. 

An advance from our position, at that time, was contem- 
plated upon Richmond. A heavy rainstorm was raging at 
the time. The regiment stood in ranks all one da}^ in this 
rain— so did the whole army — waiting orders to cross the 
Chickahominy. The flats each side of the river were flooded 
from two to four feet deep. Whirling and seething in its 
course, it was impossible to cross, and had to be abandoned. 
A howl went up all over the north, because of the failure, 
but was not attributed to the high water, but to cautiousness 
or cowardice of the commander. It could not be done in the 
face of such difficulties. If ever there was an interposition 
of Providence, it was manifested at that time, for if we had 
crossed the river with the view of attacking Richmond, I be- 
lieve the Army of the Potomac would have ceased to exist as 



15 

an organization. Picketing and camp routine was daily gone 
tlirough with at this time ; but little excitement, and nothing 
startling occurred. I think, May 27th, a column was 
marched to Hanover Court House to our right and rear. It 
was reported the Rebels were threatening our base. The 4th 
Regiment was a part of the troops composing that movement. 
We marched to Hanover. The front and rear of the column 
had a fight with the Johnnies. The 4th was but slightly en" 
gaged. The 9th Masschusetts, one of our brigade, had a 
lively chase after the enemy, — charged them out of a piece of 
woods, and down a grade, towards a railroad, via Hanover 
and Richmond. The 44th New York were badly cut up, 
being the regiment in the rear of the column that the Rebesl 
attacked with great fury. The 44th stood their ground with 
great bravery and determination until assistance arrive^. 
The enemy was driven off, and the column returned to camp. 
Company B, of the 4th, acted as flankers on the return to 
camp, 14 miles away. By the way, the duties of flankers are 
very tedious and arduous, especially over a rough country, 
and is attended with a good deal of danger. On our way back, 
vy>en near camp, the regiment halted in the road, with low 
hanj^':ig trees on one side of the road (the flankers^had been 
called in,) with thick underbush. Some telegraph wires were 
laying along on the limbs. Some mischievious fellow in the 
rear drummed with his gun on them, causing a vibration of 
sound similar to a noise caused by a charging mule team 
running away. The result was, the road was vacated in two 
seconds. The writer jumped, and supposed he was jumping 
up grade, but instead, jumped 20 feet down grade, into a 
hole. The scare was over, and the column soon made camp. 
Many lost their caps, the writer among the rest. I distinctly 
saw the colonel and adjutant's horses leap a ditch fence on 
the north side of the road. If I could have known the fellow 
who caused the stampede, I think I could have mauled him 



16 

— and think 1 would, had I caught him. As it is, the friction 
is5now worn off, and lie is safe. I will say, the column was 
marching left in front. That put the writer's company to 
the front. Hence the scare at our end of the regiment. The 
army indulged in a grand review at this place. General 
Prim, the Spanish Patriot, was present, and. I think. Presi- 
dent Lincoln, but am not positive as to the latter being 
present. The little general humped around after Mac. who 
was a splended rider — iione were more ^^accomplished than 
Little Mac. Prim was not used to such rough ground and 
hard riding, hence his unsteady seat. While in camp, our 
quartermaster thought to regale us with the luxury of di'ied 
apple pies, shortened with bacon grease. He had procured a 
portable oven, and dispensed his goodies to the boys, at 
twenty five cents a small section. The writer remembers of 
being very sick from eating pie, in fact, the only time lie 
remembers of being sick, until subsequently, after being 
wounded at Gettysburg. 

And now comes the tug of war. Up to this time the 
regiment had not suffered very serious loss. True, many 
were sick ; some had been discharged ; but the regiment 
showed a good front. The history, from June 26th, 1862, of 
the regiment, is steeped in blood, with heavy loss. Many 
were sent to their last muster out, and now. after the lapse of 
a quarter of a century, the roster is nearly closed. 

June 26th, 1862, the regiment, with the rest of the 
brigade, was formed in column, and marched out to Mechan 
icsville, and engaged in battle with traitors to this good 
country. The battle was short and sharp, without mu^h 
advantage to either side. It was the prelude to one of the 
bloodiest battles of the war,— Gains Mill. June 27th, 1862, 
the regiment, with others, left our camp, abandoned every- 
thing except our knapsacks and guns, marched out and 
formed line of battle, near Gains' Mi!l. The Rebels soon 



took possession of our deserted camp, rioted awhile on what 
was left, — whiskey, hard-tack, and other commodities. About 
ten A. M. they came down on us without skirmishers, with 
guns at a right shoulder arms, and drunk. They came to be 
slauglitered, and they got it, then and there. The carnage 
was terrible. The battle raged all day, until dark. Men, of 
human form divine, became demons, fought like wild beasts, 
and with not much more intelligence on the traitors' side. 
Many of the regiment went down. 

The next day, loved ones, true as steel, were missing, and 
never again answered to human roll call. And on to other 
battles, the regiment was baptised in blood again. Savage 
Station, White Oak Swamp, and on to Malvern On the 30th 
of June, the army arrived at Malvern Hill, tired, worn, and 
hungry. The enemy followed up and attacked in the after- 
noon, but were easily repulsed. July 1st was the climax of 
battles. The enemy attacked with great fury; the battle 
raged all day with great slaughter, on both sides. Charge 
after charge was indulged in by the persistent foe, to be 
hurled back bleeding in every forn\. The thunder of cannon 
was awful; clash of arms, shouts of combatants, was deafen- 
ing. Such a seething hell will never be again enacted on this 
continent. It would be impossible to repeat it, in all its de- 
tails. The enemy drew off, and the Army of the Potomac 
passed on to Harrison's Landing, on the James River. The 
regiment lost its brave Colonel Dwight A. "Woodbury, the 
bravest of the brave. His last words were, "hold them, boys." 
He was shot in the forehead and died almost instantly. His 
body now rests in our beautiful Oak Wood Cemetery. He 
was a kind man. The enemy followed to Harrison's Landing 
in small force; made a slight attack on our forces, on the 
morning of July 2nd, but we easily repulsed. The regiment 
and army settled down to camp life. While here, the Rebels 
made a night attack, from south side James River. Our 



18 

heavy batteries and gun boats in the river soon knocked them 
out of the box. The day following, the 4th and 16th Mich- 
igan were ferried over the river to see about it. Found de- 
bris of caissons, dead horses, and evidence of demoralization. 
Staid over all day. Some captures were made. Among the 
trophies, were a coiisiderable amount of geese. The regi- 
ments returned to north bank of stream and went into camp. 
The rebels did not attack again. The severe handling they 
received at their nocturnal demonstration evidently satisfied 
them. After the death of Colonel Woodbury, Lt. Col. Childs 
was promoted to Colonel of the 4th regiment; Lt. Col. Duf- 
field was promoted to Colonel of 9th Michigan Infantry. After 
the Peninsular campaign had ended, the 4th returned, 
with the arm3% and entered on the "Pope Campaign." The 
regiment in command of Col. Childs was in the engagement 
at Gainsville, Aug. 29, 1862; Bull Run, Aug. 30, and at An- 
tietam Sept. 17 following. At Shepardstown Ford, Sept. 20 
with its brigade, it forded the Potomac, in face of a battery, 
killed and drove off the enemy, captured their guns. After 
the Maryland campaign, the regiment returned to the Pat - 
mac, and was in battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13tb and 14tli, 
1862. Lt. Col. George W. Lnmbard, commanded. Its loss in 
these two days was 9 killed, 41 wounded, and one missing; 
Lieut. James Clark was killed. Company B. Remember the 
4th was always identified with 2nd brigade, 1st division, 5th 
corps, and was in said organizations until expiration of ser- 
vice. After battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 14, the 4th 
returned to north bank Rappahannock; on the 30th and 31st 
of December the regiment was engngH'd in a reconnoisance to 
Morrisville, making a march of 33 miles on the latter day. 
It was engaged in a movement on the 20tli of Janu;iry, 1863, 
marching only a few miles; returned to camp near Falmouth, 
w^heie we remained until May 1st, sending out details, build- 
ing corduroy roads, bridges, and other preparations, clearing 



19 

the way for an advance to Chancellorsville. May 2d, it forded 
the Rapidan River, without opposition. On the 3d it marched 
out to and beyond Chancellorville, proper, and formed the 
extreme left of the army, 1st division, 6th corps. The divis- 
ion was cut off from the rest of its corps, at this time. We 
manouvered around, for a while. Finally it was decided to 
try and support tlie brave Sedgwick, commanding 6th corps, 
who was battling with the Johnnies at Fredericksburg. The 
column was put in motion, left in front, 4th Michigan in the 
lead — the wiiter's Company out as flankers. We soon heard 
the familiar Rebel yell, in our front. It put a stop to the 
movement. We returned, sadder but wiser, to our former 
position. It was then getting dark. The Division was put 
in motion to the rear, towards the bluffy ground near the 
Rappahannock River, where we were put in line of battle — 
our right extending towards Chancellorsville, our left near 
the river. It was high ground, and we considered it impreg- 
nable. The regiment, and in fact, the whole line, threw up 
temporary breastworks. In this position we passed the night 
of the 3d. Saturday, during the night, the 11th corps had 
stampeded, at Chancellorsville, and took to the woods, in 
rear, and could not be induced to return to the front. Sun- 
day morning the sun rose clear and hot. 

We received orders to march to the vacated position that 
had been occupied by the 11th corps. We double-quicked 
the entire distance, over rough ground. The underbrush had 
been cleared away partially. When we arrived in open 
space, where the fight was going on, we were quickly formed 
in echelon,, battle array by division front. The Johnnies 
come out of the woods in our front with the apparent deter- 
mination to drive us back; but grape and canister, accompa- 
nied by musketry, drove them back. They did not appear 
again that day. This was May 4tli. The enemy contented 
themselves with annoying us with their sharpshooters, located 



20 

in trees, in woods, in our front. Our officers concluded to 
teacli them better manners than to kill men in this quiet and 
barbarous way. Accordingly, orders were given to deploy 
the 4th Michigan as skirmishers, and clear the wood, which 
was done in fine style, and at a double quick. I saw a rebel 
sharp-shooter, located in a tree some sixty feet from the 
ground, he had a telescope rifle, and on his head an old plug 
hat. He was shot, and came tumbling to the earth. He 
struck the ground straight out. He looked to be nine feet 
long, in his descent to the ground. 

The line swept on, driving all before it. We soon struck 
Rebel works, composed of logs. In front was a ravine. As 
the Johnnys went up the incline, and over the works, we 
landed in the ravine. This saved us, as they could not fire 
to any advantage, while their men were ready to break their 
necks to get out of our way. They fired a tremendous volley 
over our heads ; our bugle sounded the "recall," and then 
we proceeded to "git" — "the Devil take the hindermost." 
Now, I was considered a smart runner, but could not gain an 
inch on the man ahead of me. On we went. We could hear 
the swish of cannister in our rear, but on we went. The 9th 
Massachusetts was sent after us as a support. It had 
halted half way and laid down. We passed over them in our 
flight. The Rebels soon followed ap, and when in range of 
the guus of the 9th, they arose, and delivered their fire, 
which sent the survivors flying to their works. Thus ended 
the most exciting race of my life. I never shall forget it. It 
was amusing to. Colonel Welch, of the ICth Michigan, felt 
slighted because his Regiment was not selected for the job. 
I told him I was sorry, as I was willino: he should have all 
the honor that would accrue to me. I was not very proud of 
such chances. 

The army withdrew ro the north bank of the Rappa- 
hannock. The 4th Michigan, 14th New York, 9th Massa- 



21 

chusetts, 62d Pennsylvania, composing 2d Brigade, was rear 
guard to tlie United States Ford. The army moved in the 
night, leaving picket line established. Many were captured. 
After crossing the river, we encountered a sea of mud. The 
army slashed around until it arrived at our old camp at 
Falmouth. The 4th was camped at Stoneman's Switch. 
We remained there until May 26th, when it, the 4th, vras 
ordered to Kelley's Ford, for guard duty, where it remained 
until the 13th of June, 1863. Here a laughable thing hap- 
pened. The Johnnys were on one side of the river, and we 
occupied the other, doing picket; a long, lankey Johnny sat 
on the bank of the stream, poorly dressed, with his feet in 
the water; no firing at this time, by mutual consent. One of 
our smart Alicks sung out to him, "I say, Johnney Reb., 
why don't you wear better clothes?" Kis reply was prompt, 
" We uns don't wear our best clothes when we go to kill 
hogs." Our Alick subsided. This man was shot soon after. 
It was a cowardly deed. The Regiment participated in the 
long and fatigueing march to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 
On the way, at Aldie and Middleburg, it was detained in 
support of cavalry. 

We passed on and across the Potomac ferry, at Ed- 
wards. On the way we saw plenty of evidence of the cavalry 
advance, — dead horses, accoutrements belonging to cavalry 
out-lit. We arrived at Hanover, Pennsylvania, on the after- 
noon of July 1st. Rested and fed ; then on to Gettysburg. 
Marched all night — a beautifuU moon-light night. As we 
passed farm houses, the people came out with water and 
refreshments, handed us as we passed along foot-sore and 
tired. An Aide- de- camp came riding along, saying : *' Boys, 
keep good courage, McClellan is in command of the army, 
again." Instantly the space above was filled with the hats 
and caps of the gratified soldiers. They shouted and 
hollered, and kicked up their heels, and were frisky with the 



22 

siiiDposed good news. I mention this to show with what 
veneration Little Mac. was held by the Army of the Potomac. 
I knew this was untrne, myself, but it served its purpose, as 
intended. Many a brave heart went down next day with 
that belief in his heart. On to Gettysburg. We arrived in 
sight of line of battle being formed, at 9 a. m., July 2nd. 
Lunched, and was then moved up near Round Top. Was 
halted again, and awaited the coming struggle. It came. 

The regiment was formed in line of battle, with the 
brigade, and was moved nearer the battle going on in front 
of us, with other troops engaged. The regiment stood under 
fire at least a half hour before it became engaged, getting a 
large share of spent balls from the front. Soon the general 
commanding Division, Brown, said : " Boys, I want you to 
put in a few licks for Pennsylvania ; the Buck- tails will go 
in on your left. Forward." It was a relief to hear the 
order, " March." We advanced into the maelstrom of Rebel 
bullets. By some oversight our right was exposed, and we 
had to contend with three to one. We held them until they 
made a fierce charge, charging our right and doubling it 
to the rear of our left. We were taken at a great disadvan- 
tage. I looked to our rear ; our colors were there, and men 
rallying around them. Our colonel, H. H. Jeffords, was 
there, in the thickest of the struggle, calling on the boys to 
save the flag. They needed no urging ; they fought like 
demons. Our colonel was killed— shot and then bayoneted. 
A brave man was killed by the hand or a traitor, — and many 
others, too, who were simple privates, but heroes for all that; 
every one of them who fell doing his duty, or imposed dut3\ 

We had lo fall back. The writer was here wounded, and 
the battle surged beyond him. Soon the enemy came, tear- 
ing back in retreat. They had struck the brave old 6th Army 
Col ps, just arrived, and in time to save the day. The Rebels 
went back flying, with the Cth Corps men close after them. 



23 

They had no time to scoop any of the wounded, as they had 
all they could attend to in getting out themselves. It was 
now dusk ; the fierce struggle was over for the night. The 
struggle had been simply terrible ; the carnage was awful ; 
the fire incessant. Groans and oaths of the wounded were 
heard on every hand. Many would have recovered, had they 
had care. But it was impossible to reach all. The writer, 
with others, was loaded into an ambulance, at two o'clock in 
the morning of July 3d, and taken to an old house to the 
north, and east of the battle ground. Here were many 
wounded. Among those in the house was a Rebel Colonel, 
shot through the breast. He sat in the oidy chair in the 
house. He commanded a Louisiana Regiment, and was 
wounded early in the fight. I saw him lying on the ground, 
after the fight had surged by me. I think he died. 

The 2d day of July, ISOy, ended t\w writer's service in 
the field. The 3d day of July was ushered in with an om- 
inous quiet. No sound of cannon broke the stillness, until 
near ten o'clock, A. M., when mutterings of the awful srife, 
inaugurated later, began to be heard. Soon the din began. 
The voices of an hundred big mouthed guns began to vomit 
forth its death dealing missiles. The Infantry now began to 
put in its refrain; after a few spasmodic belchings, of the fir- 
ing, the tremendous concussion of all arms became general. 
About five miles of line of battle could be seen from where us 
non-combatants lay. The whole line was ablaze. Firing 
was incessant. Salvos after salvos, of artillery belched forth. 
The air was full of flying missiles — death everywhere. Thus 
the strife continued all day — an awful day, too, for those who 
lay helpless in plain view. Charge after charge wa« made by 
the determined enemy, but they were repulsed each and 
every time by the boys in blue. The anxiety was terrible to 
those who could not participate in the struggle. The very 
air seemed to be ablaze. The suspense became painful later 



24 

in the day. Such persistency seemed, must be, rewarded 
with success. 

Still the fight went on. and seemed to us an age of sus- 
pense. Many wounded came from the front. Ten thousand 
questions were asked of those who had been wounded, "how 
goes the battle?" Some would answer, doubtful, others 
would say, ''our side would win." It was curious to note 
the countenances of those wdio heard the news, some with 
great anxiety in their faces, others with confidence depicted 
in every feature. Finally, the awful noise died away; news 
was brought by an aid-de-camp 'that the enemy had hauled 
off." These men who were dying would raise themselves to 
a sitting posture, and utter one hurrah ! Lay down and die ! 
The work of death ceased. The rebels retreated. Thus 
ended the three days battle of Gettysburg The 4th ranks 
were badly depleted. So was the whole arm3\ The sanitary 
commission was on hand, and rendered great service, in the 
care of the wounded. One poor fellow of our regiment, a 
company D man, was shot in the head. He would get on his 
knees, put his head on the ground, and twist his head in the 
ground. He bored that way until death put an end to his 
sufferings. Many died of their wounds, and were buried then 
and there. The wounded were sent away as fast as possible. 
The writer, with others, left for Baltimore, and remained a 
few days at that place, at a Catholic Infirmary. We were 
treated with great kindness by the Sisters of that benevolent 
institution. The ladies of Baltimore— God bless them — they 
regaled us with all the luxuries of the season, I can never 
forget their kindness. 

The subsequent history of the regiment is taken from the 
official sources, (Michigan in the War,) with some personal 
recollections. 

The struggle in which the regiment was engaged at 
Gettysburg, may be inferred from the following notice of the 



25 ^ 

services of its corps, the 5th, as stated by Mr. Greeley, in his 
"American Conflict." Sickles new position was commanded 
by the Rebel Batteries, posted on Seminary Ridge, in his 
front, scarcely half a mile distant. While magnificent lines 
of battle, a mile and a half long, swept up to his front and 
fianks, crushing him back with heavy loss, and struggling 
desperately to seize Round Top, at his left. Meade, regarded 
this hill as vital to the maintenance of our position, and had 
already ordered Sykes, to advance the 5th corps, with all 
possible haste, to save and hold it. 

A fierce and bloody struggle ensued, for the enemy had 
nearly carried the hill before Sykes reached it. While 
Humphrey, who with one of Sykes' Divisions, had been 
posted on Sickles' right, was in turn assailed in front and 
flank, and driven back with a loss of 2,000 out of 6,000 men. 

After the death of Colonel Jeffords, Lt. Col. Lumbard as- 
sumed command of the Regiment, pursuing the enemy from 
Gettysburg; the 4th marched to Williamsport. On July 12th, 
the enemy having crossed the Potomac, the Regiment pro- 
ceeded to Berlin; thence on the 17th it marched to Warrenton, 
by way of Mannassus Gap; then pioceeded to Beverly Ford, 
where it remained until Sept. 16th, thence to Culpepper, re- 
maining there until the 9th of October; again crossing the 
Rappahannock, it encamped near Beverley Ford, recrossing 
on the following day, it assisted in driving the enemy, who 
were advancing back to Brandy Station, the 4th acting as 
flankers, for the 5th corps. On the 12th the Regiment re- 
crossed the Rappanhannock, and fell back with the army, via 
Bealton, Warrenton Junction, and Centerville, to Fairfax 
Station, where it remained until the 18th, when it marched 
forward to Three Mile Station, near Warrenton Junction, 
and went into camp. 

In Col. Lumbard' s report, he says : "The Regiment has 
participated in all the movements of the Army of the Poto 



26 

mac, and have not mentioned the many reconnoisances, and 
the nnniber of times the Re<i^^iment has been on small skir- 
mishes with the enemy. The Regiment has marched during 
the year over 700 miles." 

The 4tli, in command of Colonel Lumbard, who had been 
commissioned as Colonel, to rank from July Hrd, then in 2nd 
Brigade, 1st Division, 5th Corps, (Griffin's) advanced on the 
7th of Nov., 1SG3, wirh Army of the Potomac, from its camj) 
near Tliree Mile Station, on the O. & A. R. R. to the Rap- 
pahannock River, and the same day ];)articipated in the en- 
gagement at Rappahannock Station. On the Ih'd tlie Regi- 
nient was ordered, with its Brigade to keep open the commu- 
nication from Bealton to. Kelly's Ford, and engaged in that 
duty until the 19th, when the command rejoined its corps 
near Kelly's Ford. Breaking camp on tlie 26th. the command 
moved toward the Ra|)idan River, which it crossed at Ger 
mania Ford. On the 28th, the Regiment moved to the right 
of the position at Mine Run, but did not become engaged. 
On the night of the 3()tl«, it fell back across the Rapidan. 
The 5th corps, being ordered on guard duty along the Orange 
and Alexandria R. R., ilie Regiment arrived at Bealton on 
the 1st of December, where it remained until the 30th of 
April, 1864, when it broke camp and marched to Rappahan- 
nock Station. On the 1st of May, the Regiment crossed the 
Rappahannock River, and camped near Brandy Station, and 
thence on the 3rd, marched to Culpepper. On the morning 
of the 4th it started from Culpepper to participate in the 
Summi'r Campaign, crossing the Rapidan at Germania Ford. 
On the 5th, 6th and 7th. the Regiment participated in the 
Battles of the Wilderness. Col. Lumbard was mortally 
wounded on the 5th, and died on the 6th. In the same en 
gagement, Capt. W. H. Irvland, Company B, was wounded, 
and died of his wounds on the 3lst of same month. On the 
night of the 7th, the 4th, then commanded by Lt. Col. J. \V. 



27 

Hall, moved toward Spotrsylvania. Arrived at Laurel Hill 
on the morning of the 8th, it here became engaged with the 
enemy, and again on the 9th On the 10th it assisted in a 
charge upon and capture of the enemy's rifle pits, loosing 20 
killed and wounded. On the 11th and 12th the Regiment 
was in the advanced lines of the corps, and on the 13th and 
14tli was engaged as skirmishers. On the evening of the 
latter date the command moved to the left of the army, near 
Spottsylvania Court House, and remained here until the 19tli. 
It then took part in the movement to North Anna River, 
which it crossed on the 24th, near Jericho Mills, the Regi- 
ment participating in the engagement at this place. On the 
night of the 26th it recrossed the North Anna and marched to 
Hanovertown, crossing the Pamunky River on the 28th. On 
the 29th, 30th and 31 st of May, and Jst of June, it was en- 
gaged as skirmishers, and on the 3rd it participated in the 
capture of the enemys line of works near Bethesda church. 
In the engagement Lieut. James N. Yesey, Company C, was 
killed. On the 5th, the Regiment marched to Bottoms 
Bridge, and on the 14tli crossed the James River, at Wilcox's 
Landing, whence it proceeded to the lines in front of Peters- 
burg, where it arrived on the 16th. On the next day the 
Regiment was engaged as skirmishers, and on the 19th took 
part in the engagement of that date, loosing 8 killed and 
wounded. During the engagements from Nov. 1st, 1863, to 
June 19th, 1864, the Regiment lost 3 officers and 37 men, 
killed or died of wounds, with 6 missing in action. Although 
this loss seems small, yet it was about 15 per cent, of its whole 
strength. The term of service for which the Regiment had 
been mustered in expired June 19th, 1864. It was according- 
ly relieved, and on the 20th it embarked on transports at 
City Point for Washington. 

It arrived at Detroit on the 26th, and on the 3()th of June 
the companies were mustered out of service. Of those on 



28 

the rolls, the terms of 200 men and 23 officers had expired. 
Of these, 32 men and 1 officer were prisoners, in the hands of 
the enemy; 135 men and 22 officers were present for muster 
out, since the 1st of Nov., 1863. The Regiment had received 
110 recruits, including a new company, organized at Hills- 
dale, Michigan, which joined the Regiment on the 16th of 
May, and which remained in service with the Reorganized 
Regiment, 129 men of the Regiment re-enlisted as volunteers, 
and on the 30th of June, there were 280 men and 3 officers on 
the rolls, whose terms of office had not expired. These were 
ordered to duty with the First Michigan Infantry, when the 
4th left the field of war. The total membership of the 4th 
Regiment had been, during its service, 1,325, while its losses 
were 273, of which 8 officers and llo men w-ere killed in ac- 
tion; 4 officers, 50 men, died of wounds; one officer and 95 
men of disease. 

Their brows bear many a gory stain, 
Their, white lips press not ours again, 
And eyes that ouce our life light were. 
Give back a cold, appalling stare. 



I^e/T\ii7i5ee9ee5. 



INCIDENTS IN AND OUT OF CAMP,|N0. 1. 

In winter of 1861 2, at Camp Minor's Hill, Virginia, 
Company B had a man who was an inveterate forager, in 
fact, he was peculiarly adapted to that branch of service. 
He would be absent a week at a time. When he showed up 




in camp, he was put on extra dut}^ or punished in some 
form. At one time he was to stand on a barrel two hours. 
Some of tbe boys dug a hole, and placed about a peck of 



31 

blank cartridges in the same ; dug a trench to a tent ten feet 
awaj' and laid a train of powder ; put the barrel over the 
hole. Soon the culprit was brought, and caused to mount 
the barrel. Soon that barrel took a flying leap heavenward 
ten feet in the air. The man, with arms and legs extended, 
and with a look I never shall forget. AVhen he struck the 
earth, he said, with a grim sense of humor, " Well boys, you 
came damned ueai- translating me — making a second prophet 
of me ; I am inclined to think the route you would have 
caused me to take, would be poor foraging." 

On one of his migratorial expeditions, he met with the 
last enemy to be conquered — Death. He was fairly educated, 
and a man of good sense. He would not learn drill or to 
handle a musket. He would have made a proficient spy. I 
have thought sometimes he was employed in that capacity, 
unknown to the Regiment, for he would leave camp as soon 
as he was relieved. The barrel episode was the most severe 
punishment he ever received, at our hands. It was my prov- 
ince to look after the Company, and absent ones. I rarely 
reported him absent. I enjoyed many a toothsome viand, 
the result of his foraging. He had at one time ten thousand 
dollars, in Erie and Kalamazoo money, and he assured me 
got rid of it all. 

INCIDENT NO. 2. 

When the Regiment went into camp for the winter, 1861, 
the boys built quarters of logs, with canvas tops ; Company 
B built what they called a Hermitage, of timber, mud and 
canvas. Its capacity was for about twenty ol the men. A 
chimney was constructed of sticks and mud for a base, 
topped out with barrels. One night, we, of the shoulder 
straps and high chevrons, got an invite to a barbacue at the 
Hermitage. As we filed in. a huge fire, with half a yearling 
steer hanging over the tire place, met our view. It hung 
directly in the blaze; the boys were occasionally throwing 



32 



water on the meat to baste it. As fast as the outside was 
cooked, it was sliced off and passed around. Whiskey was 
plenty, and copiously used, to wash down the banquet. 
Songs and speeches were in order. By the way, Company B 




had plenty of talent —doctors, lawyers, preachers and gentle- 
men ; a good time all around. Finally some one of the 
party, who had not the fear of his Creator, or shoulder straps 
in his heart, blew up the chimney barrels, and all went up in 
smoke. 

INCIDENT NO. 3. 

The writer of this was Orderly Sergeant of Company B 
a part of 1861-2. And certain characters of the Company 
considered it legal to plunder this much abused oflBcial's 
pipes, tobacco, and even whiskey was deemed free, wiienever 
or wherever found. The writer suffered many a loss in this 
line. One especially, who bored him unceasingly for a 
chance to smoke a very large pipe, holding a quarter pound 
of tobacco. I will call him 'Croxton," ''Jack," for short. 



33 



One morning 1 siit in my tent making morning report. I had 
filled this big pipe, and laid it on the desk in front of me, 
expecting "Jack" to call for a smoke. He came in due time, 
and asked if he might smoke my big pipe? I told him I had 
just filled it for my own use. Well, he said, I was busy 




then, and could smoke after he got through. He always had 
a story to tell me. He sat with his legs hanging inside the 
doorway, (the shanty was built of logs). I passed him the 
pipe; he commenced smoking, and telling me a yarn. Soon 
the pipe exploded, his heels went up, and he over backwards. 
He aroseand said, "you think you are damned smart." He 
asked for no more smoke. 

IlsrciDENT NO. 4, 

One day a blizzard came along, and devastated things 
generally. Among the calamities was the destruction of our 
sutlers' shebang. It was in panels, built of thin boards. It 



84 



was scuttled very promiscuous, and his stock of goods were 
distributed to all points. The boys were watching with 
pleased expressions on their countenances. They could 
stand the temptation no longer, and they went to gathering 
the spoils in. The sutler howled and ordered them off. 
They paid no attention. He said he would see about it, and 
started to see the Colonel. While he was gone, everything 
in sight was gobbled, and he could not find hide nor hair of 




' (./%<i^-^=-^w , 



any article. I found two boxes cigars, some figs, a jack 
knife, and a few other articles, thrust under ray tent. I did 
not hesitate to appropriate, notwithstanding my religious 
proclivities. It was a clean sweep — a dead loss — to the old 
boodler. He got my first pay, more than half, and old 
sh^dge got the balance. He soon had another invoice of 
goods, and proceeded to lay up an account against the boys. 



55 



INCIDENT NO. 5. 

Be it understood, that the calibre of the commission, or 
officers of the 4th Michigan, was of a high order, for courage 
and undisputed ability, as the roster in appendix of this nar- 
ration shows. On a certain occasion, Captain O. was holding 
a levee at his quarters. All went well. Punch and other re- 
freshments were freely indulged in. Hilarity ran high. 
Captain O. attempted to make a short speech. His muddled 
condition caused a remark from another befuddled officer, 
that did not please the choloric Captain. He threw open the 
flaps to the entrance of the tent; divested himself of some of 
his uniform, and proceeded with the attempt to throw his 




guests out. But the doughty Captain struck a bigger job than 
he could handle. The result was, the Captain was picked up 
and deposited ten rods away in a ditch that had been dug 
around a tent. This same brilliant officer afterwards com- 



36 

manded a Regiment. He sent tbem into their first battle 
without ammunition. But the courage of the promoted Cap- 
tain was undoubted. 

INCIDENT NO. 6. 

Fooling with supposed empty shells, is sometimes dis- 
astrous. The Banner Company of the Regiment were much 
given to old sledge and poker, and often plied their avoca- 
tion into the wee small hours of night, contrary to express 
orders — lights out after taps. But these injunctions were 
not alw^ays heeded, as the sequel will show. Some of the 
boys had found a shell not exploded. They, as supposed, 
dug out all the powder, and on the occasion of a night's oc- 
cupation of their favorite pastime, used the shell as a candle- 
stick. They inserted their short piece in the fuse hole, and 
proceeded with the game. The candle burned low ; the 
lighted wick dropped into the shell ; a tremendous explosion 
was the result. It totally demolished the tent, and nearly 
severed the flag-staff near by — so much so it fell over. But, 
strange to relate, nobody was hurt. They supposed they 
had got all the powder out. Moral — do not play cards after 
taps, nor use a shell for a candlestick, unless you are positive 
it is not loaded. 



31 



INCIDENT NO. 7. 

In the spring of 1863, just before the Gettysburg cam- 
paign, the 4th Michigan was doing guard duty on the Rappa- 
hannock river, at Kelly's Ford, Virginia. The writer's com- 
pany was detached for picket duty. We were stationed at 
Mountain Run Ford, down the river from Kelly's Ford, some 
three miles. The river at this place was shallow. We 
guarded against cavalry, had to be constantly on the alert. 




We also patrolled the river some three miles down. At the 
end of our patrol rout, lived an old Rebel cuss. He was 
bitter in his denunciation of the Yankees. His name was 
Atkinson, —a cousin to the Atkinson of Bleeding Kansas 
fame. At his house we met another patrol from lower down, 
and compared notes. We had to watch the old reprobate 
closely ; also had to keep an eye on his domestics. The first' 



38 

patrol was conducted by the writer, and was quite early 
in the morning. We followed the bank of the river 
about a half mile from our reserve. Standing close on the 
bank of the stream stood a large persimmon tree, well loaded 
with the luscious fruit. The bank sloped sudden and abrupt 
from the river. The patrol passed on, and I mounted the 
tree, crawled out on a big limb, settled myself to scraping in 
the fruit : T did not even taste the berries, but dumped them 
into my haversack. The patrol passed on out of my range. 
Soon a gentle sound was wafted to my ears from across the 
river. There was no mistaking the ominous sound and its 
purport. It said, "Yank! come over." I gazed over the 
water. There, in plain view, was ten or a dozen rebel 
cavalrymen, with their carbines pointed at me, and a laugh- 
ing. They repeated, "Yank, come over." I could see noth- 
ing to laugh at, and told them so. They insisted that I 
should come to them. I told them, " I could not swim, and 
the water was too deep to wade." Well, "that did not 
make any difference. You must come anyhow." I said, 
well, here goes for a try. I slid to the ground. As I struck 
the earth, one of them fired. The ball went high over my 
head. I suspect he shot high on purpose to remind me of 
my obligation. 

1 waited for no more invitations, but threw myself flat 
on the ground, and with one tremendous wriggle, slid out of 
range. This broughi a volley from the Rebels. The firing 
brought my patrol back, double quick. The Rebels ske- 
daddled as fast as their horses could bear them away. The 
boys were terribly in earnest, but when they knew the situa- 
tion, they had a big laugh at my expense. The racket also 
brought our reserve, with a battle in their mind. After 
learning the cause, the reserve returned, and we, the patrol, 
went our rounds. The old man Atkinson was the bitterest 
old devil or Rebel it was my fortune to meet in all my stay 



39 

in Dixie ; and he did not disguise his sentiments. I will say 
those persimmons were not ripe ; their looks were deceiving. 
I advise all who hanker after persimmons, to wait until they 
are thoroughly ripe ; for unless they are matured, they will 
pucker up any vacuum that they put their grip upon ; but 
they are delicious when ripe. 

INCIDENT NO. 8. 

While the regiment lay at Kelly's Ford, before the 
Gettysburg campaign, we were paid off. Being in arrear of 
pay, we received quite a boodle of money. The communica- 
tion between our army and Washington, by way of Aquia 
Creek, was temporary and somewhat uncertain. Trains of 
forage, and ambulances, were sent through attended by a 
heavy guard. After getting paid, the men were desirious of 
sending their surplus money home. It would go by Adams' 
Express, from Aquia. Our chajDlain, (Seage,) a brave, good 
man, volunteered to carry it to Aquia Creek. An ambulance 
train was going to make the trip, heavily guarded ; the 
chaplain was to accompany it. The train left very earlj^- in 
the morning without the chaplain. But, nothing daunted, 
he followed on, expecting soon to overtake it. About four 
miles out he had to cross a swale with corduroy road. Just 
across was timber ; and on approaching the timber, he saw 
two men step from behind trees, and at the same time 
ordered him to approach. He wheeled his horse, and in 
turning around one of the would-be robbers fired on him, 
hitting him in one wrist. This did not stop hiiii. They 
yelled to him to halt, and at the same time tired again, hit- 
ting him in the shoulder. But the knowing mare carried her 
brave rider to the rear, and out of danger. He threw himself 
on his faithful horses neck, and clung there until the faith- 
ful animal galloped into camp, weak with loss of blood, but 
with a brave heart still palpitating. A detail of cavalry was 



40 

immediately sent out, but with no result. Our brave chap- 
lain was kindly cared for, and eventually recovered, but 
badly crippled. He risked his life to save the boys' money. 
Our money was returned to us, and we had to carry it 
through che Gettysburg fight. My share of money sent was 
four hundred dollars. I had it in my pocket when I was 
wounded, after, at Gettysburg. 1 was a prisoi-.er for a few 
minutes, but the noble Sixth Army Corps made it such a 
necessity to the Johnnies to git, they had iio time to scoop us 
in. Brave old corps, I remember you with gratitude. 

A LITTLE WAR EXPERIENCE. 

After the battle of Malvern Hill, our column moved on 
to Harrison Landing. We arrivied there after daylight, in 
the morning. Made coffee, and rested a little. The Rebels 
followed up in small force, and commenced shelling us. We 
were moved out and formed in line of battle. In front of us 
was timber ; in our rear was mud. and plenty of it, of a 
slushy nature. The Rebel guns threw railroad iron at us. 
They lired high. The missiles went to our rear. As these 
pieces of iron struck the mud, caused the slush to mount 
high in air, and in sheets. A New York regiment had just 
arrived by boat, (a new regiment.) They were moved to our 
front. I noticed the officers had hand satchels, and had 
paper collars around their necks. Our fellows cried, " Soft 
bread," "Fresh fish," and other appellations. The poor 
devils passed on into the woods, but the Rebels were in full 
retreat. Hooker had gone out with a brigade, and took them 
in Hank. From here a detail from our regiment was sent to 
our Stat^ to recruit, to help fill Ihe depleted ranks. The 
writer was one of this number. 

We boarded a mail boat that plied between the landing 
and Fort Monroe, and with an escort, a turtle gun boat, 
started down the James, for Fort Monroe. On our way down, 



41 

our boat was the target for Rebel gnus along the bank of the 
river. The pilot house was sheeted over with iron, and when 
the musket balls came in contact with the iron, it caused a 
terrible racket. At one place, a bend in the river, they had 
thrown up a redoubt, and had two pieces of cannon ranged on 
the river. But our little turtle wiggled up, (gun boat,) and 
hurled a few shells at them ; causing them to limber up and 
skedaddle very sadden. We arrived all right at the Fort, 
took steamer for Baltimore, and to God's country. Recruit- 
ing was slow, for the old^reo-iraent men feared to enlist for it, 
as they would be pushed immediately to the front. I would 
prefer an old organization, as I would get the benefit of their 
experience. Whereas a new regiment, if pushed to the front, 
would labor under a great disadvantage. 

A LITTLE "black HORSE " CAVALAKY, NO TERROR TO 4TH 

MICHIGAN BOYS. 

A short time before first Bull Run fight, the 4th Michi- 
gan, with other regiments, were in camp at Cloud's Mills, 
Virginia, about 5 miles out from Alexandria, towards Fair- 
fax Court House. Our pickets were well extended out, in 
above named direction. One day the writer, with about 20 
of the Regiment were out towards Fairfax. We seen a small 
column of cavalry approaching with a flag of truce hoisted. 
As they drew near, it proved to be an escort of the famous 
Black Horse Cavalry. We were ranged all along the road as 
they passed. They were conducting a man and woman to our 
lines. On their return, we encountered them again. I no- 
ticed the contrast between those Rebel troopers, their sullen 
and vindictive appearance, and compared them to the cheer- 
ful and wideawake countenance of our men. They passed on 
towards Fairfax. We felt we could have cleaned them out in 
fifteen minutes. There was nothing about the Black Horse 



42 

Cavalry, that was very terrifying. I saw better men and 
horses every day, of oar brave troopers. 

A LITTLE WAR CLOUD. 

While the army was stationed along Arlington, from Chain 
Bridge, Potomac, to Alexandria, Virginia, the 4th Michigan 
occupied the ground in and about Fort Woodbury, on Ar- 
lington. Our picket line was extended out to, or near Min- 
or's Hill, which we occupied, later on, in winter quarters, 
1861 2. At one time, while our Regiment was doing guard 
duty, at above named place, picket firing was in order, with 
but little damage to either side, but very annoying. One 
morning, about day break, our doughty and valorous Captain 
George Spalding, formed about 20 of Company B, and started 
out to see what could be developed in our front. (By the 
way, our Captain Spalding was a brave man, a little reckless, 
but all wool and a yard wide.) We marched out in Indian 
file, the Captain leading. The writer being 1st Sergeant, was 
next. After going a half mile, and near the road running 
down the hill, east, and towards our approach, we saw at our 
right a picket stationed in a rail pile, X)ut up in Chevron 
form. He fired his gun, and then took to his heels. Right 
at the end of the road, where it comes down the hill, the road 
turned abruptly to the south. Right in this angle the Rebel 
reserve picket lay. This was also their videt post. About 
20 of the Johnnies lay in this elbow, and apparently asleep, 
for we were within 20 feet of them before they discovered us. 
The shot of the picket on our approach woke them up. 
They were taken completely by surprise. They were a good 
deal excited, (also ourselves,) and broke for their rear. \Ve 
fired a volley, with some effect. One burley Rebel, ran about 
ten rods, suddenly halted, turned around, brought his gun to 
shoulder, and fired. I think the shot was intended for our 
Captain, but missed him, and I being directly behind him, or 



4a 

a little to his left, the ball just grazed my right ear. Before 
this Rebel could face to the rear, a shot from the gun of one 
Fisher, laid him low. Fisher jumped the fence and obtained 
his knapsack. The racket stired up a nest of Rebels, over 
the hill. Soon we saw guns dance above the brow of the hill, 
as the Johnnies double quicked up the slope, on the other 
side of the hill; they arrived in plain view, battalion front, a 
whole Regiment of them. Then we were admonished to git 
— and we did. They fired after us, but without effect. Right 
here was done some tall skedaddling, through brush, over 
logs and rough ground. This encroachment on their prem- 
ises, made the Johnnies mad; they kept up a continual 
fu&illade during the day. 

Later on, after going into camp, at Minor's Hill, the 
Rebels tried to locate a batt(^ry about two miles to the west 
of our camp, and in plain view, a valley between. Two guns 
of a battery near our head quarters were unlimbered, and 
proceeded to sling shell over among them. Our fellows 
greeted them so lively, that the Johnnies were fain to limber 
up and steal away. 

NOTE — The events narrated in these Reminiscences, are 
not in chronological order, but are facts all the same, as can 
be verified, and attested by others belonging to the Regiment. 

EULOGY. 

Comrades, I cannot close this imperfect recital, without 
saying a few words to you all. 1 am aware of my inability 
to do justice to the subject. I have omitted many incidents 
that happened while in service together. I can see you all as 
you used to appear on the march, in battle, and in the quiet 
camp. Your pranks and rejiartee are fresh in my memory. 
45 of the numbers that made up the roster of Company B, 
were from our sister state, Indiana, and all comrades were true 
as steel. You all need to be proud of your record, and the 



44 

part the glorious old 4tli took in suppressing treason. A 
quarter of a century from now will close the roster for 
nearly all of us ; a much shorter time for myself. Comrades, 
overlook, what you may have seen amiss in me. We are all 
finite, none perfect. You were a splendid class of men, and 
none braver. Your record will be handed down to your pos- 
terity, and they will point back to your probation here with 
pride. " My forefathers helped to throttle treason." 

Good-By Comrades. 



"^' 



